Hibernate - Configuration

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Hibernate requires to know in advance — where to find the mapping information that defines how your Java classes relate to the database tables. Hibernate also requires a set of configuration settings related to database and other related parameters. All such information is usually supplied as a standard Java properties file called hibernate.properties, or as an XML file named hibernate.cfg.xml.

I will consider XML formatted file hibernate.cfg.xml to specify required Hibernate properties in my examples. Most of the properties take their default values and it is not required to specify them in the property file unless it is really required. This file is kept in the root directory of your application's classpath.

Hibernate Properties

Following is the list of important properties, you will be required to configure for a databases in a standalone situation −

Sr.No.	Properties & Description
1	hibernate.dialect This property makes Hibernate generate the appropriate SQL for the chosen database.
2	hibernate.connection.driver_class The JDBC driver class.
3	hibernate.connection.url The JDBC URL to the database instance.
4	hibernate.connection.username The database username.
5	hibernate.connection.password The database password.
6	hibernate.connection.pool_size Limits the number of connections waiting in the Hibernate database connection pool.
7	hibernate.connection.autocommit Allows autocommit mode to be used for the JDBC connection.

If you are using a database along with an application server and JNDI, then you would have to configure the following properties −

Sr.No.	Properties & Description
1	hibernate.connection.datasource The JNDI name defined in the application server context, which you are using for the application.
2	hibernate.jndi.class The InitialContext class for JNDI.
3	hibernate.jndi.<JNDIpropertyname> Passes any JNDI property you like to the JNDI InitialContext.
4	hibernate.jndi.url Provides the URL for JNDI.
5	hibernate.connection.username The database username.
6	hibernate.connection.password The database password.

Hibernate with MySQL Database

MySQL is one of the most popular open-source database systems available today. Let us create hibernate.cfg.xml configuration file and place it in the root of your application's classpath. You will have to make sure that you have testdb database available in your MySQL database and you have a user test available to access the database.

The XML configuration file must conform to the Hibernate 3 Configuration DTD, which is available at http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd.

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration SYSTEM 
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
   <session-factory>
   
      <property name = "hibernate.dialect">
         org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
      </property>
      
      <property name = "hibernate.connection.driver_class">
         com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      </property>
      
      <!-- Assume test is the database name -->
      
      <property name = "hibernate.connection.url">
         jdbc:mysql://localhost/test
      </property>
      
      <property name = "hibernate.connection.username">
         root
      </property>
      
      <property name = "hibernate.connection.password">
         root123
      </property>
      
      <!-- List of XML mapping files -->
      <mapping resource = "Employee.hbm.xml"/>
      
   </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

The above configuration file includes <mapping> tags, which are related to hibernatemapping file and we will see in next chapter what exactly a hibernate mapping file is and how and why do we use it?

Following is the list of various important databases dialect property type −

Sr.No.	Database & Dialect Property
1	DB2 org.hibernate.dialect.DB2Dialect
2	HSQLDB org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
3	HypersonicSQL org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
4	Informix org.hibernate.dialect.InformixDialect
5	Ingres org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect
6	Interbase org.hibernate.dialect.InterbaseDialect
7	Microsoft SQL Server 2000 org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect
8	Microsoft SQL Server 2005 org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2005Dialect
9	Microsoft SQL Server 2008 org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2008Dialect
10	MySQL org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
11	Oracle (any version) org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect
12	Oracle 11g org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
13	Oracle 10g org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
14	Oracle 9i org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9iDialect
15	PostgreSQL org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
16	Progress org.hibernate.dialect.ProgressDialect
17	SAP DB org.hibernate.dialect.SAPDBDialect
18	Sybase org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect
19	Sybase Anywhere org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseAnywhereDialect